February 6 – international day of zero-tolerance operations that mutilate female genitals. Hard to imagine, but in the modern world have this problem on a global scale. In many countries, young girls are still mutilated from false beliefs in spite of all prohibitions. How to mock the dignity and health of women in the 21st century – read the material Health 24.
FGM is female genital mutilation, a practice which is now actively fighting, the world health organization. If you think this is happening somewhere in the very distant tribe – you’re wrong. Every year this procedure is applied at least .
What you might not know about “female circumcision”
Under the female genital mutilation refers to the so-called “female circumcision” when the girl is removed, cauterize or sew the outer genitals. Most often the procedure is done to girls from birth to 15 years, that is, children, that is a violation not only of human rights but also children.
In some countries, women are subjected to this procedure
Despite the fact that most of these operations are in Africa and countries of the Middle East, FGM is an international problem that exists in more than 30 countries.
Female circumcision is carried out in the countries of Asia, Latin America, it is practiced by migrants living in Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Female circumcision is sometimes practiced in the Philippines, Egypt and Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Malaysia, Oman, Bahrain, Pakistan, Indonesia and even in Russia, namely in the mountain regions of Dagestan.
Why such manipulation exist
Causes injury to the female organs depend on the region, society, family and her culture. Common cause is a social norm in an appropriate environment, where women are just afraid to be rejected by society, because there is such “operation” is common. FGM in these communities is often associated with cultural ideals of beauty, purity, modesty, respectively, a woman with a clitoris is “impure and she has has some men.”
In some cultures a woman is considered unclean just because she has sex organs / Pinterest
In addition, some cultures consider female genital mutilation a necessary part of education, which is preparing a girl for adulthood and marriage. In some cultures, the stitching of the labia is the so – called chastity belt, a guarantee that the woman will remain untouched until marriage.
Despite the fact that in any religion there is no such requirement, practitioners often believe that it is supported by religion.
Usually such operations are conducted by the leaders-healers in unsanitary conditions, which play a Central role in the community. However there are cases when parents, men do not prefer to have their daughters subjected to this procedure, and when you come home – bodies already .
Sometimes this procedure is lobbying for not only community leaders, but some medical staff. For example, an English gynecologist and part-time President of the Medical society of London, believed that Masturbation is unnatural irritation of the clitoris, which causes hysteria, spinal irritation, idiocy, mania and death. When he had the opportunity, he did not neglect the removal procedure of this body. One of the patients brown cut the neck of the uterus and amputated her clitoris in order to “facilitate a hysterical state”.
Later other doctors tried to treat Masturbation, erotomania and lesbianism. For example, the American gynecologist James Burt from 1966 to 1989 he rearrange the vagina and urethra and the clitoris was removed. By the way, he published a book “Surgery of love”, in which he called women not well suited for sex. Prior to 1975, GYN surgery 4 thousands of women without their consent.
In 2013, for a lattice of villages, a doctor from Egypt, after the “female circumcision” . Because he did it at the behest of her father, he was also convicted.
What female circumcision is different from violence? / Stephanie Sinclair
Sometimes, in order to the woman became pregnant or gave birth, genitals embroider and then sew again, which further harms health.
The damage and cutting of female genital mutilation violates the fundamental rights of women and girls… This is a dangerous and irreversible procedure that negatively affects General health, your child’s abilities and educational abilities of girls and women,
– Carol Bellamy, Executive Director of the Agency for the protection of children (UNICEF).
What are the procedures for mutilating women and than it is dangerous
According to the who classification of female genital mutilation klassificeret into 4 main types:
- Clitoridectomy is when partially or completely remove the clitoris, and in very rare cases, the skin fold surrounding the clitoris.
- Excision – so commonly called partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia.
- Infibulation, usually when the narrow opening of the vagina through the creation of a covering seal formed by cutting and repositioning the minor labia or labia (sometimes by stitching). Can be combined with the removal of the clitoris.
- The fourth type includes all other harmful procedures to the female genital organs for non-medical purposes, such as injections, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.
Some doctors believe that if you perform a medical operation by, it will not pose a threat to women’s health. For example, in Moscow there are even that offer to perform this procedure on girls under 12 years on religious grounds.
Girl after circumcision / Stephanie Sinclair
However, such operation is not only interference in the natural functioning of the bodies of young girls and women, but also a serious risk factor for a number of serious complications.
What complications can arise immediately:
- severe pain;
- bleeding;
- swelling of the tissues of the genitals;
- fever;
- infections, such as tetanus;
- problems with urination;
- problems with the healing process;
- injury to surrounding genital tissue;
- shock;
- death.
What long-term complications can occur:
- urinary problems (painful urination, urinary tract infection);
- vaginal problems (discharge, itching, bacterial vaginosis and other infections)
- problems of the menstrual cycle (painful menstruation, a bad passage of menstrual blood, etc.);
- sexual problems (pain during sexual intercourse, a decrease in satisfaction)
- increased risk of childbirth complications and even death of the newborn;
- psychological problems (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, low self-esteem).
The who notes that this practice is a direct violation of human rights to security and physical integrity, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and the right to life, because sometimes the procedure leads to death.
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